|
The Holocaust in France refers to the persecution and extermination of Jews and Roma between 1940 and 1944 in occupied France during World War II. The persecution began in 1940, and culminated in deportations of Jews from France to death camps in Germany and Poland from 1942 which lasted until July 1944. Over 75,000 Jews were deported from France to death camps out of the 340,000 Jewish individuals in France in 1940. About 72,500 of these Jews were killed in the camps. The French Vichy government 〔http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/jewish_deportation_01.shtml〕 and the French police participated in the roundup of Jews. Although most deported Jews died, the survival rate of the Jewish population in France was up to 75% which is one of the highest survival rates in Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Le Bilan de la Shoah en France (régime de Vichy ) )〕〔Yad Vashem ()〕 ==Background== France had a population of about 150,000 Jewish nationals during the Interwar period,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=La persécution nazie )〕 in addition France hosted a large population of foreign Jews who had fled persecutions in Germany. By 1939, the Jewish population had increased to 330,000 due to the refusal of the United States and the United Kingdom to accept any more Jewish refugees following the Évian Conference. After the occupation of Belgium and the Netherlands in 1940, France hosted a new wave of Jewish immigrants and Jewish population peaked at 340,000 individuals.〔 At the declaration of World War II, French Jews were mobilized into the French military like their compatriots, and, like in 1914, a significant number of foreign Jews enlisted in regiments of foreign volunteers. Jewish refugees from Germany were interned as enemy aliens. In general, the Jewish population of France was confident in the ability of France to defend them against the occupiers, but some, particularly from Alsace and the Moselle regions fled westwards into the unoccupied zone from July 1940. The armistice agreement of 22 June 1940, signed between the Third Reich and the government of Marshal Philippe Pétain did not contain any overtly anti-Jewish clauses, but did indicate that the Germans intended the racial order existent in Germany since 1933 to spread to France: *Article 3 warned that in the regions of France occupied directly by the Germans, the French administration must "by all means facilitate the regulations" relating to the exercise of the rights of the Reich; *Articles 16 and 19 warned that the French government had to proceed to repatriate refugees from the occupied territory and that "The French government is required to deliver on demand all German nationals designated by the Reich and who are in France, in French possessions, colonies, protectorates and territories under mandate" Under the terms of the armistice only part of France was occupied; the Vichy government of Pétain controlled southern France, the departments of French Algeria, and France's overseas territories such as North Africa, Indochina, the Levant, etc. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Holocaust in France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|